Approbation of Expanded Cultural Intelligence Scale in Russian
Keywords:
сultural intelligence, intercultural communication, intercultural competence, psychodiagnostics, expanded scale of cultural intelligence
Abstract
The paper presents the results of approbation of the Expanded Cultural Intelligence Scale in Russia. Due to the growing intercultural interaction in a modern global society, it becomes important to study personal characteristics that ensure success during intercultural communication. Cultural intelligence is the capability of an individual to act and communicate effectively in culturally diverse settings. According to the concept of C. Earley and S. Ang, cultural intelligence consists of four factors: metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioral. Differentiated structure of each factor of cultural intelligence, proposed later, enabled a more detailed study of this phenomenon. 1545 respondents completed the Russian version of the E-CQS. According to the results of our approbation, the E-CQS can be considered a reliable and valid psychodiagnostic tool in Russia. Research on a representative Russian sample revealed good consistency and test-retest reliability of the E-CQS. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a factor structure, which is generally consistent with the original English version. Results on convergent and discriminant validity are in line with published data about the correlation of the main scales of the E-CQS with personal traits measured by the Big Five. Also, new data were obtained on the relationship between cultural intelligence and intercultural sensitivity, tolerance and hardiness. The E-CQS can be used in studies of intercultural communication among Russian speakers.
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References
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30. Presbitero, A. (2016). Cultural intelligence (CQ) in virtual, cross-cultural Interactions: generalizability of measure and links to personality dimensions and task performance. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 50, 29-38.
31. Rockstuhl, T., Seiler, S., Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Annen, H. (2011). Beyond general intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ): The role of cultural intelligence (CQ) on cross-border leadership effectiveness in a globalized world. Journal of Social Issues, 67, 825-840.
32. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.
33. Sahin, F., Gurbuzb, S., Koksal, O., & Ercan, U. (2013). Measuring cultural intelligence in the Turkish context. InternationalJournal of Selection and Assessment, 21(2), 135-144.
34. Soldatova, G. U., & Shaigerova, L. A. (2015). Reflection upon multiplicity of choice in psychology of intercultural communication. Psikhologicheskie Issledovaniya, 8(40), 10. Retrieved from http://psystudy.ru (in Russian)
35. Soldatova, G. U., & Shaigerova, L. A. (Eds.). (2008). Psikhodiagnostika tolerantnosti lichnosti [Psychodiagnostics of personal tolerance]. Moscow: Smysl. (in Russian)
36. Spencer-Oatey, H. (2008). Face, (im)politeness, and rapport. In H. Spencer-Oatey (Ed.), Culturally speaking: Culture, communication, and politeness theory (pp. 11-47). London: Continuum.
37. Sternberg, R. J. (1988). The triarchic mind: A new theory of human intelligence. New York: Penguin Books.
38. Sternberg, R. J. (2012). Intelligence in its cultural context. In M. J. Gelfand, C.-Y. Chiu, Y.-Y. Hong (Eds.), Advances in culture andpsychology (Vol. 2, pp. 205-248). New York: Oxford University Press.
39. Sternberg, R. J., & Detterman, D. K. (1986). What is Intelligence? Contemporary viewpoints on its nature and definition. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
40. Sternberg, R. J., et al. (Eds.). (2002). Prakticheskii intellekt [Practical intelligence]. Saint Petersburg: Piter. (in Russian) (Transl. of: Sternberg, R, J., et al. (Eds.). (2000). Practical intelligence in everyday life. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.)
41. Thorndike, R. L., & Stein, S. (1937). An evaluation of the attempts to measure social intelligence. Psychological Bulletin, 34, 275-285.
42. Triandis, H. C. (1994). Culture and social behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
43. Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (1998). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding diversity in global business. New York: McGraw Hill.
44. Ushakov, D. V. (2004). Sotsial'nyi intellekt kak vid intellekta [Social intelligence as a type of intelligence]. In D. V. Lyusin & D. V. Ushakov (Eds.), Sotsial'nyi intellekt: teoriya, izmerenie, issledovaniya [Social intelligence: Theory, measurement, research] (pp. 11-29). Moscow: Institute of Psychology of RAS. (in Russian)
45. Van Dyne L., Ang, S., & Tan, M.-L. (2017). Cultural intelligence. Oxford bibliographies. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
46. Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Koh, C. (2008). Development and validation of the CQS. In S. Ang & L.
47. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications (pp. 16-38). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
48. Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., Ng, K.-Y., Rockstuhl, T., Tan, M. L., & Koh, C. (2012). Sub-dimensions of the four factor model of cultural intelligence: Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of cultural intelligence (CQ). Social and Personal Psychology: Compass, 6(4), 295-313.
2. Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2006). Personality correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence. Group and Organization Management, 31, 100-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601105275267
3. Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K.-Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 3, 335-371. https://doi.org/10.1111 /j.1740-8784.2007.00082.x
4. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman. Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in a cultural context. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51, 269-290.
5. Belovol, E. V., Shkvarilo, K. A., & Khvorova, E. M. (2012). Russian-language verification of P. C. Earley and S. Ang's "Cultural Intelligence Scale". RUDNJournal of Psychology and Pedagogics, 4, 5-14. (in Russian)
6. Crowne, K. A. (2009). The relationships among social intelligence, emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence. Organization Management Journal, 6, 148-163.
7. Crowne, K. A. (2013). An empirical analysis of three intelligences. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 45, 105-114.
8. Cushner, K., & Brislin, R. W. (1996). Intercultural relations: A practical guide (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
9. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
10. Earley, P. S., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: individual interactions across cultures. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
11. Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 109-132.
12. Eysenck, H. J. (1986). The theory of intelligence and the psychophysiology of cognition. Advances in Psychology of Human Intelligence, 3, 1-34.
13. Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: The theory in practice. New York: Basic Books.
14. Gudykunst, W. B., Ting-Toomey, S., & Chua, E. M. (1988). Culture and interpersonal communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
15. Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
16. Hall, E. T. (1959). The silent language. New York: Anchor Books. Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond Culture. New York: Doubleday. Khromov, A. B. (2000). Pyatifaktornyi oprosnik lichnosti [Five-factor personality questionnaire]. Kurgan: Kurgan State University. (in Russian)
17. Kim, K., Kirkman, B. L., & Chen, G. (2008). Cultural intelligence and international assignment effectiveness. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications (pp. 71-90). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
18. Lin, Y.-Ch., Chen, A. S.-Y., & Song Y.-C. (2012). Does your intelligence help to survive in a foreign jungle? The effects of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on cross cultural adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 541 -552.
19. Little, T. D. (2013). Longitudinal structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
20. Logashenko, Yu. A. (2015). Mezhkul'turnaya sensitivnost' studentov vpolietnichnoi srede [Intercultural sensitivity of students in multiethnic environment] (PhD disseration). Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. (in Russian)
21. Mayer, J. D. (2014). Personal intelligence: The power of personality and how it shapes our lives. New York: Scientific American/Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
22. Mayer, J., Panter, A., & Caruso, D. (2012). Does personal intelligence exist? Evidence from a new ability-based measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 124-140.
23. Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17, 433-442.
24. Moon, T. (2010). Emotional intelligence correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25, 876-898. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 02683941011089134
25. Murdock, G. P. (1987). Outline of cultural materials (5th rev. ed.). New Haven, CT: HRAF.
26. O'Neil, H. E., & Abedi, J. (1996). Reliability and validity of a state metacognitive inventory: Potential for alternative assessment. The Journal of Educational Research, 89, 234-245.
27. Oolders, T., Chernysherdco, O. S., & Stark, S. (2008). Cultural intelligence as a mediator of relationships between Openness to Experience and adaptive performance. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications (pp. 145-158). New York: M. E. Sharpe.
28. Osin, E. N., & Rasskazova, E. I. (2013). A short version of the Hardiness Test: Psychometric properties and organizational application. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 14. Psikhologiya, 2, 147-165. (in Russian)
29. Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 33-40.
30. Presbitero, A. (2016). Cultural intelligence (CQ) in virtual, cross-cultural Interactions: generalizability of measure and links to personality dimensions and task performance. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 50, 29-38.
31. Rockstuhl, T., Seiler, S., Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Annen, H. (2011). Beyond general intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ): The role of cultural intelligence (CQ) on cross-border leadership effectiveness in a globalized world. Journal of Social Issues, 67, 825-840.
32. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.
33. Sahin, F., Gurbuzb, S., Koksal, O., & Ercan, U. (2013). Measuring cultural intelligence in the Turkish context. InternationalJournal of Selection and Assessment, 21(2), 135-144.
34. Soldatova, G. U., & Shaigerova, L. A. (2015). Reflection upon multiplicity of choice in psychology of intercultural communication. Psikhologicheskie Issledovaniya, 8(40), 10. Retrieved from http://psystudy.ru (in Russian)
35. Soldatova, G. U., & Shaigerova, L. A. (Eds.). (2008). Psikhodiagnostika tolerantnosti lichnosti [Psychodiagnostics of personal tolerance]. Moscow: Smysl. (in Russian)
36. Spencer-Oatey, H. (2008). Face, (im)politeness, and rapport. In H. Spencer-Oatey (Ed.), Culturally speaking: Culture, communication, and politeness theory (pp. 11-47). London: Continuum.
37. Sternberg, R. J. (1988). The triarchic mind: A new theory of human intelligence. New York: Penguin Books.
38. Sternberg, R. J. (2012). Intelligence in its cultural context. In M. J. Gelfand, C.-Y. Chiu, Y.-Y. Hong (Eds.), Advances in culture andpsychology (Vol. 2, pp. 205-248). New York: Oxford University Press.
39. Sternberg, R. J., & Detterman, D. K. (1986). What is Intelligence? Contemporary viewpoints on its nature and definition. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
40. Sternberg, R. J., et al. (Eds.). (2002). Prakticheskii intellekt [Practical intelligence]. Saint Petersburg: Piter. (in Russian) (Transl. of: Sternberg, R, J., et al. (Eds.). (2000). Practical intelligence in everyday life. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.)
41. Thorndike, R. L., & Stein, S. (1937). An evaluation of the attempts to measure social intelligence. Psychological Bulletin, 34, 275-285.
42. Triandis, H. C. (1994). Culture and social behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
43. Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (1998). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding diversity in global business. New York: McGraw Hill.
44. Ushakov, D. V. (2004). Sotsial'nyi intellekt kak vid intellekta [Social intelligence as a type of intelligence]. In D. V. Lyusin & D. V. Ushakov (Eds.), Sotsial'nyi intellekt: teoriya, izmerenie, issledovaniya [Social intelligence: Theory, measurement, research] (pp. 11-29). Moscow: Institute of Psychology of RAS. (in Russian)
45. Van Dyne L., Ang, S., & Tan, M.-L. (2017). Cultural intelligence. Oxford bibliographies. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
46. Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Koh, C. (2008). Development and validation of the CQS. In S. Ang & L.
47. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications (pp. 16-38). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
48. Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., Ng, K.-Y., Rockstuhl, T., Tan, M. L., & Koh, C. (2012). Sub-dimensions of the four factor model of cultural intelligence: Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of cultural intelligence (CQ). Social and Personal Psychology: Compass, 6(4), 295-313.
Published
2018-11-08
How to Cite
СолдатоваГ. У., ЧигарьковаС. В., & РассказоваЕ. И. (2018). Approbation of Expanded Cultural Intelligence Scale in Russian. Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 15(3), 510-526. https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2018-3-510-526
Issue
Section
Questionnaires for Studying Social-Psychological Issues
