Взаимосвязь временных перспектив и прокрастинации у сотрудников разного должностного статуса
Ключевые слова:
временная перспектива, прокрастинация, структура прокрастинации
Аннотация
Освещается современное состояние проблемы временной перспективы и феномена прокрастинации в профессиональной деятельности. В статье отражены результаты исследования особенностей временной перспективы и прокрастинации у сотрудников разного должностного статуса. Представлено эмпирическое исследование взаимосвязи временной перспективы и прокрастинации у сотрудников организации разных должностных статусов. Результаты показали, что топ-менеджерам свойственна высокая ориентация на временные перспективы будущего (59.03) и позитивного прошлого (36.06), а уровень прокрастинации снижен (53.45). В группе мидл-менеджеров выявлена высокий уровень прокрастинации (57.2), ориентация на временные перспективы гедонистического настоящего (24.6) и негативного прошлого (31.26). Доказан статистически значимый уровень различий выраженности прокрастинации по всей выборке (1211 при p J≤0.01). Установлена связь смысло-жизненных ориентаций и временных представлений: наиболее результативными оказались такие показатели СЖО у топ-менеджеров, как Цели в жизни (35.28), Локус контроля — жизнь (32.7) и Осмысленность жизни (155.25), а в группе мидл-менеджеров эти данные выражены слабее. Корреляционный анализ с применением коэффициента Спирмена позволил выявить в группе мидл-менеджеров высокий уровень прокрастинации, обусловленный ориентацией на временную перспективу негативного прошлого на фоне низкой направленности на Будущее, что затрудняет успешность профессиональной деятельности. С помощью регрессионного анализа удалось выявить предикторы прокрастинации в группе топ (цели в жизни, процесс жизни и локус контроля-Я) и мидл-менеджеров (Фаталистическое настоящее и будущее). Можно предположить, что временная перспектива личности и ее временные ориентации взаимосвязаны с процессами прокрастинации и могут рассматриваться как ее негативные, но и позитивные последствия, что соотносится с результатами последних исследований прокрастинации в профессиональной деятельности.
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Литература
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25. McGrath, J., & Kelly, J. (1986). Time and human interaction: Towards a social psychology of time. New York: Guilford Press.
26. Nestik, T. A. (2009). Videnie budushchego kak liderskaya kompetentslya i ego svyaz s vremennoi perspektivoi lichnosti [Vision of the future as a leadership competence and its connection with the time perspective of the individual]. In Psychological and pedagogical aspects of the formation of professional and social competence. International Scientific and Practical Conference (pp. 85-89). Ivanovo. (in Russian)
27. Nestik, T. A. (2011). Otnoshenie ko vremeni v malykh gruppakh i organizatsiyakh [Relation to time in small groups and organizations]. Moscow: Institute of Psychology of RAS. (in Russian)
28. Pavlova, T. A. (1988). Organizastiya vremeni zhizni kak komponent struktury lichnosti studenta [The organization of a life time as a component of the personality structure of students] (PhD dissertation). Moscow, Russian Federation. (in Russian)
29. Prokhorova, A. P. (2002). Russkaya modelupravleniya [Russian management model]. Moscow: CJSC "Journal of Expert". (in Russian)
30. Pychyl, T. A. (2000). Five days of emotion: an experience sampling study of undergraduate student procrastination. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(5), 3-13.
31. Pychyl, T. A., & Flett, G. L. (2012). Procrastination and self-regulatory failure: an introduction to the special issue. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Terapy, 30(4), 203-212.
32. Rebetez, M. M. L., Rochat, L., & Van der Linden, M. (2005). Cognitive, emotional, and motivational factors related to procrastination: a cluster analytic approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 1-6.
33. Rubinstein, S. L. (2000). Osnovy obchei psikhologii [Fundamentals of general psychology]. Saint Petersburg: Piter. (in Russian)
34. Sircova, A., Sokolova, E. T., & Mitina, O. V. (2008). Adaptation of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 29(3), 101-109. (in Russian)
35. Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65-94.
36. Steel, P. (2010). Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators: do they exist? Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 926-934.
37. Varvaricheva, Ya. I. (2010). The procrastination phenomenon: Problems and prospects for research. Voprosy Psikhologii, 3, 121-131. (in Russian)
38. Vindeker, O. S., & Ostanina, M. V. (2014). Formalnyi i soderzhatelnyi analiz shkaly obshchei prokrastinatsii C.H. Lay (na primere studencheskoi vyborki) [Formal and substantial analysis of the General procrastination scale C. H. Lay (for example, student samples)]. Aktualnye Problemy Psikhologicheskogo Znaniya: Teoreticheskie i Prakticheskie Problemy Psikhologii, 1(30), 116-126. (in Russian)
39. Wilson, B. A., & Nguyen, T. D. (2012). Belonging to tomorrow: an overview of procrastination. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 4(1), 211-217.
40. Zaleski, Z. (1996). Future anxiety: concept measurement and preliminary research. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 165-174.
41. Zeigarnik, B. V. (1982). Teoriya lichnosti v zarubezhnoi psikhologii [Theories of personality in foreign psychology]. Moscow: Moscow University Press. (in Russian)
42. Zimbardo, P. G., & Boniwell, I. (2004). Balancing one's time perspective in pursuit of optimal functioning. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 162-180). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
43. Zimbardo, Ph. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: a valid, reliable individual differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271-1278.
44. Zimbardo, Ph., & Boyd, J. (2010). Paradoks vremeni. Novaya psikhologiya vremeni, kotoraya uluchshit vashu zhizn [The paradox of time is a new psychology of time, which will improve your life]. Saint Petersburg: Rech'. (in Russian; transl. of: Zimbardo, Ph., & Boyd, J. (2008). The time paradox: The new psychology of time that will change your life. New York: Simon & Schuster.)
2. Barabanschikova, V. V., & Ivanova, S. A. (2016). Impact of organizational and personal factors on level of procrastination in employees of modern organization. Eksperimentalnaia Psikhologiya [Experimental Psychology], 9(1), 95-111. (in Russian)
3. Barabanshchikova, V. V., & Kaminskaya, E. O. (2013). Procrastination phenomenon in virtual project team members. Natsionalny Psikhologichy Zhurnal [National Psychological Journal], 2(10), 43-51. (in Russian)
4. Barabanshchikova, V. V., & Marusanova, G. I. (2015). Perspectives for research of the procrastination phenomenon in professional work. Natsionalny Psikhologichesky Zhurnal [National Psychological Journal], 4(20), 130-140. (in Russian)
5. Bennis, U., & Nanus, B. (2001). Lidery [Leaders]. Moscow: Sil'van. (in Russian)
6. Bluedorn, A. C., & Ferris, S. P. (2004). Temporal depth, age, and organizational performance. In C. F. Epstein & A. L. Kalleberg ( Eds.), Fighting for time: Shifting boundaries of work and social life (pp. 113-149). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
7. Bolotova, A. K. (2007). Chelovek i vremya v poznanii, deyatelnosti, obshchenii [Man and time in knowledge, activity, communication]. Moscow: The HSE Publishing House. (in Russian)
8. Bolotova, A. K., & Chevrenidi, A. A. (2017). Time modus of procrastination in retrospect: types, predictors and consequences. Kul'turno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya [Cultural-Historical Psychology], 13(4), 101-108. (in Russian)
9. Chernysheva, N. A. (2016). Procrastination: actual condition of the problem and prospect of studying. Vestnik Permskogo Gosudarstvennogo Gumanitarno-Pedagogicheskogo Universiteta. Seriya 1. Psikhologicheskie i Pedagogichheskie Nauki, 1, 17-26. (in Russian)
10. Choi, J. N., & Moran, S. V. (2009). Why not procrastinate? Development and validation of a new active procrastination scale. Journal of Social Psychology, 149(2), 195-212.
11. Chu, A. H. C., & Choi, J. N. (2005). Rethinking procrastination: Positive effects of "active" procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(3), 245-264.
12. Crumbaugh, J. S., & Maholick, L. (1964) An experimental study in existentialism: The psychometric approach to Frankl's concept of noogenic neurosis. Clinical Psychology, 20(2), 200-207.
13. Das, T. K. (2004). Strategy and time: really recognizing the future. In H. Tsoukas & J. Shepherd (Eds.), Managing the future: Strategic foresight in the knowledge economy (pp. 58-74). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
14. Demeter, D. V., & Davis, S. E. (2013). Procrastination as a tool: exploring unconventional components of academic success. Creative Education, 4(7), 144-149.
15. Ferrari, J. R. (1990). Self-handicapping by procrastinators: Effects of performance privacy and task importance. Dissertation Abstracts International, 50(11-B), 5377.
16. Frank, L. K. (1939). Time perspectives. Journal of Social Philosophy, 4, 293-312.
17. Iliin, E. P. (2011). Rabota i lichnost. Trudogolizm, perfektsionizm, len [Work and personality. Workaholism, perfectionism, laziness]. Saint Petersburg: Piter. (in Russian)
18. Lay, C. H. (1986). At last, my research article on procrastination. Research on Personality, 20(4), 474-495.
19. Lee, D. (2013). Dierences in passive/active procrastination, happiness, and depression by the clusters of perfectionism in college students. Korea Journal of Counseling, 14(2), 857-875.
20. Lens, W. (1986). Future time perspective: a cognitive-motivational concept. In D. R. Brown & J. Veroff (Eds.), Frontiers of motivational psychology: Essays in honor of John W. Atkinson (pp. 173-190). New York: Springer-Verlag Publishing.
21. Leontiev, D. A. (2000). Test smysloszhiznennye orientatsii [Test Life Meaning Orientation]. Moscow: Smysl. (in Russian)
22. Leontiev, D. A. (2004). O vremeni: illiuziya otvetov [About time: the illusion of answers]. Ekzistentsialnaya Traditsiya: Filosofiya, Psikhologiya, Psikhoterapiya, 1(4), 113-118. (in Russian)
23. Lewin, K. (2001). Dinamicheskaya psikhologiya. Izbrannye trudy [Dynamic Psychology. Selected Papers]. Moscow: Smysl. (in Russian)
24. Marusanova, G. I., & Barabanshchikova, V. V. (2015). Osobennosti russkoyazuchnoi adaptastii oprosnika "Novaya shkala aktivnoi prokrastinatsii" [Peculiarities of the Russian-language adaptation of the questionnaire a New scale of active procrastination]. In Ot istokov k sovremennosti. Vserossiiskaya konferentsiya [From origins to contemporaneity: All-Russian conference] (pp. 34 -36). Moscow. (in Russian).
25. McGrath, J., & Kelly, J. (1986). Time and human interaction: Towards a social psychology of time. New York: Guilford Press.
26. Nestik, T. A. (2009). Videnie budushchego kak liderskaya kompetentslya i ego svyaz s vremennoi perspektivoi lichnosti [Vision of the future as a leadership competence and its connection with the time perspective of the individual]. In Psychological and pedagogical aspects of the formation of professional and social competence. International Scientific and Practical Conference (pp. 85-89). Ivanovo. (in Russian)
27. Nestik, T. A. (2011). Otnoshenie ko vremeni v malykh gruppakh i organizatsiyakh [Relation to time in small groups and organizations]. Moscow: Institute of Psychology of RAS. (in Russian)
28. Pavlova, T. A. (1988). Organizastiya vremeni zhizni kak komponent struktury lichnosti studenta [The organization of a life time as a component of the personality structure of students] (PhD dissertation). Moscow, Russian Federation. (in Russian)
29. Prokhorova, A. P. (2002). Russkaya modelupravleniya [Russian management model]. Moscow: CJSC "Journal of Expert". (in Russian)
30. Pychyl, T. A. (2000). Five days of emotion: an experience sampling study of undergraduate student procrastination. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(5), 3-13.
31. Pychyl, T. A., & Flett, G. L. (2012). Procrastination and self-regulatory failure: an introduction to the special issue. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Terapy, 30(4), 203-212.
32. Rebetez, M. M. L., Rochat, L., & Van der Linden, M. (2005). Cognitive, emotional, and motivational factors related to procrastination: a cluster analytic approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 1-6.
33. Rubinstein, S. L. (2000). Osnovy obchei psikhologii [Fundamentals of general psychology]. Saint Petersburg: Piter. (in Russian)
34. Sircova, A., Sokolova, E. T., & Mitina, O. V. (2008). Adaptation of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 29(3), 101-109. (in Russian)
35. Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65-94.
36. Steel, P. (2010). Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators: do they exist? Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 926-934.
37. Varvaricheva, Ya. I. (2010). The procrastination phenomenon: Problems and prospects for research. Voprosy Psikhologii, 3, 121-131. (in Russian)
38. Vindeker, O. S., & Ostanina, M. V. (2014). Formalnyi i soderzhatelnyi analiz shkaly obshchei prokrastinatsii C.H. Lay (na primere studencheskoi vyborki) [Formal and substantial analysis of the General procrastination scale C. H. Lay (for example, student samples)]. Aktualnye Problemy Psikhologicheskogo Znaniya: Teoreticheskie i Prakticheskie Problemy Psikhologii, 1(30), 116-126. (in Russian)
39. Wilson, B. A., & Nguyen, T. D. (2012). Belonging to tomorrow: an overview of procrastination. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 4(1), 211-217.
40. Zaleski, Z. (1996). Future anxiety: concept measurement and preliminary research. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 165-174.
41. Zeigarnik, B. V. (1982). Teoriya lichnosti v zarubezhnoi psikhologii [Theories of personality in foreign psychology]. Moscow: Moscow University Press. (in Russian)
42. Zimbardo, P. G., & Boniwell, I. (2004). Balancing one's time perspective in pursuit of optimal functioning. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 162-180). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
43. Zimbardo, Ph. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: a valid, reliable individual differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271-1278.
44. Zimbardo, Ph., & Boyd, J. (2010). Paradoks vremeni. Novaya psikhologiya vremeni, kotoraya uluchshit vashu zhizn [The paradox of time is a new psychology of time, which will improve your life]. Saint Petersburg: Rech'. (in Russian; transl. of: Zimbardo, Ph., & Boyd, J. (2008). The time paradox: The new psychology of time that will change your life. New York: Simon & Schuster.)
Опубликован
2018-11-08
Как цитировать
ЧевренидиА. А., & БолотоваА. К. (2018). Взаимосвязь временных перспектив и прокрастинации у сотрудников разного должностного статуса. Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики, 15(3), 573-589. https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2018-3-573-589
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